Domestic violence is a pervasive issue that affects individuals and families across Massachusetts. To protect victims and ensure their safety, the state provides various legal remedies and resources. Understanding these protections is critical for those seeking to escape abusive situations and for individuals navigating related family law matters. This article explores key legal protections, including abuse prevention orders, and explains how domestic violence can impact cases involving divorce and parenting time.

What Now Constitutes Domestic Violence in Massachusetts (What is Coercive Control)?

Under Massachusetts law, domestic violence encompasses a range of abusive behaviors committed by a family or household member. This includes physical harm, threats of harm, coercion, harassment, and emotional abuse. In some cases, it also includes financial control, which can trap victims in abusive relationships by limiting their access to resources. In September of 2024, the Restraining Order Statute (G. L. c. 209A) was significantly expanded to include a category of misconduct called “coercive control.” G. L. c. 209A defines coercive control as a patter of behavior that is intended by the perpetrator to threaten, intimidate, harass, isolate, control, coerce or compel compliance of a family member of household member that causes that family or household member to reasonably fear physical harm or have a reduced sense of physical safety or autonomy. This is a greatly expanded definition of abuse.

The law defines “family or household members” broadly, including spouses, former spouses, co-parents, people in dating relationships, and individuals living in the same household. This definition ensures that the protections apply to various relationship dynamics.

 Obtaining a Restraining Order (209A Order)

The most common legal tool for victims of domestic violence is the abuse prevention order, commonly referred to as a restraining order or 209A order. These court-issued orders are designed to protect victims by limiting or prohibiting contact from the abuser.

There are three types of restraining orders available in Massachusetts:

1. Emergency Orders: Issued outside of regular court hours when immediate protection is needed. These orders are temporary until a court hearing occurs.
2. Ex Parte Temporary Orders: Typically issued after an initial court filing and remain in effect until the full hearing. These Orders are issued without notice and can only remain in effect for up to ten business days.
3. Permanent Orders: Granted after a court hearing where both parties present their case, these orders can generally last up to one year and are renewable. In certain circumstances, permanent orders can be made into lifetime orders that do not require the Plaintiff to renew them on an annual basis.

Restraining orders can include provisions such as:

• Ordering the abuser not to abuse the victim.
• Requiring the abuser to stay away from the victim’s home, workplace, or school.
• Requiring the abuse to not have any third party contact (meaning that a third party contacts the victim at the instruction of the abuser).
• Prohibiting any form of communication, including calls, texts, or social media messages.
• Ordering the abuser to vacate a shared residence.
• Granting temporary custody of children to the victim.
• Ordering the abuser to pay support and/or not to cancel any utilities.
• Requiring the surrender of firearms or other weapons.

The Impact of Domestic Violence on Family Law Matters

Domestic violence often influences divorce proceedings, custody arrangements, and property division. Massachusetts courts prioritize the safety of children and the non-abusive parent when determining custody and parenting time. Evidence of abuse, such as a restraining order or police reports, can lead to supervised parenting time for the abusive parent or restrictions on their access to the children.

In divorce cases, domestic violence may impact the division of marital assets and spousal support. Courts may consider whether one spouse’s abusive behavior caused economic or emotional harm to the other. Victims may also be entitled to financial support to help rebuild their lives.

Steps Victims Should Take to Protect Themselves

Victims of domestic violence should take proactive steps to ensure their safety and build a strong legal case. These steps include:

• Contacting Law Enforcement: If you are in immediate danger, call 911 to report the abuse. Police reports can serve as critical evidence in court.
• Seeking a Restraining Order: File for a 209A order to obtain immediate legal protection from your abuser.
• Documenting Evidence: Keep a record of abusive incidents, including photographs of injuries, threatening messages, and witness statements.
• Accessing Support Services: Massachusetts offers resources such as the SafeLink Domestic Violence Hotline and local shelters that provide counseling and emergency housing.

The Role of Legal Representation

Navigating domestic violence cases requires skilled legal representation to ensure victims’ rights are protected. A family law attorney can assist in obtaining restraining orders, representing victims in court, and addressing related matters such as divorce or custody.

Protect Your Rights and Your Family’s Safety

If you or a loved one is experiencing domestic violence, do not hesitate to seek legal help. An experienced family law attorney can guide you through the legal process and advocate for your safety and well-being. Contact an attorney today to explore your options and take the first steps toward a safer future.